A Linux administrator is configuring ModSecurity for Apache servers. Which types of attacks should the administrator set rule configurations to protect against?

The choice of focusing on file inclusion and directory traversal attacks is essential for protecting web applications using ModSecurity on Apache servers.

File inclusion attacks occur when an application includes files based on user inputs or other dynamic methods without proper validation. This can allow attackers to include unauthorized files, potentially leading to sensitive data exposure or even remote code execution. By implementing specific rules in ModSecurity to identify and block attempts at file inclusion, the Linux administrator can significantly mitigate risks associated with this type of attack.

Directory traversal attacks specifically target the application's ability to navigate the file system. By manipulating input data, attackers can potentially access directories and files outside the intended scope of the application. This can lead to unauthorized data access and exploitation of system vulnerabilities. Configuring ModSecurity rules to recognize and protect against directory traversal patterns reinforces the security of the server against these pervasive threats.

Together, these two types of attacks are critical vectors that web applications encounter, and addressing them through robust rules in ModSecurity provides a stronger security posture for the Apache servers.