If a help desk manager observes a high volume of incoming calls, what is the most likely conclusion?

A high volume of incoming calls to the help desk can result from various factors, including but not limited to increased user inquiries, issues with applications, system outages, or even general user dissatisfaction with services. Therefore, it is more accurate to conclude that high call volume is not typically associated with an indicator of compromise.

Indicators of compromise generally involve signs of security incidents, such as unusual network traffic, unauthorized access attempts, or anomalies in system behavior. While high call volume might coincide with a security event, it is not a definitive sign of such an issue. Instead, it can reflect common operational challenges that help desks face, like training needs or system performance problems, rather than illuminating any direct security breach or attack.

In this context, the other choices might imply a direct correlation between call volume and malicious activity, which is not substantiated by typical operational indicators or experience in help desk management.