What access control model assigns security clearance levels and uses labels to regulate access?

The access control model that assigns security clearance levels and uses labels to regulate access is Mandatory Access Control (MAC). In this model, access to resources is determined by the classification levels of both the user and the resource. Each user is assigned a security clearance, and resources have classifications that indicate their sensitivity or security level, often represented with labels such as "confidential," "secret," or "top secret."

In MAC, the system enforces access restrictions based solely on these labels and the clearance levels, meaning users cannot bypass these restrictions based on discretion or role. This stringent approach provides higher security, particularly in environments where protecting sensitive information is critical, such as in government or military applications. By adhering to this model, organizations ensure that only individuals with the appropriate clearance can access specific data, mitigating risks associated with unauthorized access.

This structured control model is designed to maintain strict confidentiality and integrity, making it essential for environments that require rigorous security measures.