What technique can be used to randomly arrange the memory addresses used by a program to enhance security?

Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) is a security technique that randomly arranges the memory addresses used by a program, such as the base address of executable code, stack, and heap. This randomness makes it much more difficult for an attacker to predict the location of specific functions or buffers in memory, which inherently increases the difficulty of executing certain types of attacks, such as buffer overflows or code injection attacks.

ASLR helps to mitigate vulnerabilities by making it challenging for malware to exploit known memory address locations that would typically be predictable in a non-randomized memory layout. By randomizing the memory addresses each time a program is executed, ASLR forces attackers to guess the memory layout. This unpredictability enhances the overall security posture of the system and applications running on it.

In contrast, the other options do not specifically focus on the random arrangement of memory addresses. For example, Data Execution Protection (DEP) prevents code from being run in certain regions of memory, but it doesn’t randomize memory locations. Time of Check issues relate to race conditions in programming, which is a different kind of vulnerability focused on timing rather than memory layout. Thus, ASLR stands out as the correct choice for this specific security enhancement technique.