What technology combines multiple components like CPU, RAM, and storage into a single chip?

The correct answer is a System on Chip (SoC). A System on Chip integrates various essential components of a computer or electronic system onto a single chip. This typically includes the central processing unit (CPU), random access memory (RAM), storage, and sometimes additional components like graphics processing units (GPUs) and input/output interfaces. The primary advantage of an SoC is its ability to enhance performance while reducing power consumption and physical space, making it ideal for mobile devices and embedded systems.

SoCs are widely used in smartphones, tablets, and other compact devices where efficiency and space-saving are crucial. Their integration allows for faster data transfer rates between components as they exist on the same physical substrate, which is not the case when various components are spread out over a circuit board.

In contrast, FPGA is a type of hardware that can be programmed to carry out specific tasks rather than combining multiple system components onto one chip. Sensors are devices for detecting physical properties and are not computing components themselves. A hub typically refers to a central point of connection for multiple devices and does not represent a combination of components like an SoC does.