What technology focuses on monitoring the integrity of specific files to ensure they haven't been altered or compromised?

The focus of the technology that monitors the integrity of specific files to ensure they haven't been altered or compromised is a Host-based Intrusion Detection System (HIDS). HIDS operates directly on individual hosts and is designed to detect suspicious activity and unauthorized access through monitoring system calls, file access, and log file auditing. Central to its function, HIDS employs file integrity monitoring (FIM) techniques, which check the state of specific files against a known baseline to identify any changes that could indicate unauthorized modifications or security breaches.

By closely examining file hashes and attributes, HIDS provides alerts when discrepancies are discovered, enabling rapid responses to potential security incidents. This capability is essential for safeguarding critical system files and configurations that could be targets for attackers intending to compromise the integrity of an operating system or application.

In contrast, other options like Endpoint Detection and Response (EDR) focus more broadly on advanced threat detection and response capabilities across endpoints rather than file integrity specifically. User and Entity Behavior Analytics (UEBA) centers on identifying anomalies in user behavior rather than tracking changes to files. Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI) is more concerned with the initialization of hardware components and pre-boot processes, which does not relate to file integrity monitoring.