What type of segmentation allows for separate operational and information technology networks?

The option that allows for separate operational and information technology networks is physical segmentation. This involves physically separating the networks using distinct hardware, such as routers, switches, or cabling. By employing physical segmentation, organizations can enhance security and operational efficiency since each network can be managed, monitored, and secured independently. This approach mitigates risks associated with unauthorized access between networks and minimizes attack surfaces.

For instance, in environments where operational technology (OT) systems control industrial processes, and IT systems manage business operations, physical segmentation ensures that the inherent differences in security needs and operational reliability between these networks are respected. This design helps protect critical OT environments from potential vulnerabilities introduced by IT networks.

While VLANs and access control lists can provide logical segmentation and control, respectively, they do not physically separate networks. VLANs create isolated segments over the same physical infrastructure, which, while useful, does not provide the same level of security as physical segmentation. Access control lists serve to manage permissions but don't inherently create separate networks. Thus, physical segmentation emerges as the strongest method for ensuring complete operational and informational network separation.