Which devices in an IoT system are responsible for measuring factors such as temperature, humidity, proximity, motion, and more?

In an IoT (Internet of Things) system, the devices responsible for measuring factors such as temperature, humidity, proximity, motion, and similar environmental parameters are called sensors. Sensors are specialized components designed to detect changes in the environment and convert these physical phenomena into signals that can be understood and processed by other devices in the system.

For instance, a temperature sensor detects variations in temperature and outputs a corresponding electrical signal that can be read by a microcontroller or other computing device. Similarly, humidity sensors measure moisture levels in the air; proximity sensors detect the presence of nearby objects, and motion sensors recognize movement within a designated area.

These measurements are crucial for the functionality of IoT devices, as they enable real-time data collection and interaction with the environment, facilitating automation, monitoring, and decision-making processes. Sensors are essential building blocks in IoT architectures, making them pivotal to the overall system's effectiveness in gathering data.

Other device types mentioned, such as hubs, System on Chips (SoCs), and microcontrollers, play significant roles in the IoT framework but do not directly measure physical parameters. Hubs typically serve as central points for communication and data aggregation, SoCs encompass integrated circuits that may include processing capabilities along with control functions, and micro