Which hardware-based solution stores encryption keys, hashed passwords, and identification information, but is not directly used for encrypting data at rest under FIPS 140-2?

The Trusted Platform Module (TPM) is a hardware-based solution designed to securely store sensitive data such as encryption keys, hashed passwords, and identification information. One of its primary uses is to enhance hardware-based security, and it operates under the standards set in FIPS 140-2, which defines security requirements for cryptographic modules.

TPM's role is significant in the context of system integrity and authentication, making it crucial for maintaining security in devices. However, it is not directly used for encrypting data at rest. This contrasts with other options, like Self-Encrypting Drives (SEDs), which actively encrypt and decrypt data stored on the disk as it is written and read, thereby providing encryption for data at rest.

While a Hardware Security Module (HSM) can store encryption keys and perform cryptographic operations, its main function is more varied, often including managing encryption processes rather than solely storing keys. Measured boot is a security feature that ensures that only trusted software is executed during the booting process but does not involve the storage of encryption keys or passwords in the same way as a TPM does.

Thus, the TPM stands out as the correct solution because it is specifically designed for securely storing sensitive information without directly participating in the encryption processes