Which identity proofing method generates a software token on a server and sends it to a resource assumed to be safely controlled by the user?

The method described involves generating a software token on a server and then sending it to a resource that is assumed to be safely controlled by the user. This process aligns with the characteristics of out-of-band mechanisms. Out-of-band authentication refers to methods where the verification of the user or transaction occurs through a separate communication channel than the one being used for the primary action. This could include sending a token via SMS, email, or another communication method, which ensures that the resource being used is verified through a different channel that the user controls.

In this scenario, the generation of a software token on the server and its delivery to a securely controlled resource allows for a cross-verification process, enhancing overall security. This is important because even if an attacker compromises the primary communication channel, they would still need access to the out-of-band method to complete the authentication process, reducing the risk of unauthorized access.

Other methods mentioned, like two-factor authentication (2FA), encapsulate broader authentication processes that might include out-of-band elements but do not specifically detail the generation and transmission process indicated in the question. Time-Based One-Time Password (TOTP) refers to a specific implementation of token generation based on time, usually done on the client-side with the server, rather than the