Which NIST Special Publication outlines the necessary controls for audits of information systems used for certification, focusing on security and privacy controls?

The correct choice is NIST 800-53, which is indeed a foundational document that outlines the necessary security and privacy controls for information systems. This publication is part of the NIST Special Publication series and provides a comprehensive catalog of security and privacy controls that organizations can implement to manage risk and ensure a robust security posture.

NIST 800-53 focuses on establishing a framework for organizations to use when selecting and specifying security controls for information systems. It emphasizes not only security controls but also privacy controls, making it critical for the development and audit processes related to these systems. The document details controls that are essential for safeguarding both organizational resources and the privacy of individuals, which is an integral part of compliance and regulatory audit processes.

By using the guidelines set out in NIST 800-53, auditors can effectively evaluate the implementation and effectiveness of these controls, ensuring that organizations meet their security objectives and comply with applicable laws and regulations. This makes it essential for audits that involve certification of systems, as it specifically addresses the criteria necessary for maintaining security and privacy integrity.

The other choices, while relevant in their own contexts, do not specifically address the comprehensive control framework needed for audits as outlined in NIST 800-53. COBIT focuses primarily on governance and