Which NIST Special Publication provides guidelines on establishing and operating an incident response capability within an organization, identifying the necessary groups involved in incident response?

The NIST Special Publication 800-61, known as the "Computer Security Incident Handling Guide," is specifically designed to provide guidance on how to establish and operate an effective incident response capability within an organization. This document outlines the framework for understanding incidents, the necessary processes for handling these incidents, and the roles of various groups involved in the incident response lifecycle.

NIST 800-61 emphasizes key components of incident response, including preparation, detection and analysis, containment, eradication, and recovery, as well as post-incident activities. It also provides insights into how to build a program that is capable of managing cybersecurity incidents efficiently and highlights the importance of involving different stakeholders across the organization during the incident management process.

The focus of NIST 800-61 on actionable guidelines for incident response sets it apart from other options, such as NIST 800-53, which primarily addresses security and privacy controls without diving deeply into incident response specifics. Similarly, ISO standard 15408 and COBIT are more general frameworks and standards related to security evaluation and governance rather than direct guidelines for establishing an incident response capability. Thus, NIST 800-61 appropriately addresses the needs of organizations looking to develop their incident response strategies.