Which of the following is closely associated with the extraction of executable logic and data?

The extraction of executable logic and data is best associated with reverse engineering. This process involves analyzing software to understand its components and functionality. Reverse engineering allows security professionals to dissect applications and systems to uncover how they operate, which is critical for identifying vulnerabilities, malware behavior, or potential exploits.

This method can reveal the underlying algorithms, data structures, and flow of information within the program, helping analysts gain insights that are not visible through regular usage or inspection. It is commonly used in cybersecurity to assess the security posture of applications and to derive insights from malware or proprietary software without access to the source code.

The other options involve different methodologies or approaches that do not emphasize the direct extraction of logic and data in the same way that reverse engineering does. Static analysis, for instance, typically refers to examining code without executing it, while dynamic analysis involves running the code to observe its behavior in real time. Behavioral analysis, on the other hand, focuses on how a program behaves rather than extracting its logic or data structures.