Which of the following is best done before an incident or during an after-action review, rather than during the actual response to an incident?

Updating processes is best done before an incident or during an after-action review because it involves evaluating and improving the overall incident response strategy, rather than making immediate tactical changes during a chaotic situation. Pre-incident planning allows organizations to assess the effectiveness of their existing processes and implement lessons learned.

After an incident, teams can review what worked well and what didn't, allowing them to refine their processes, establish clearer roles, and improve communication for future incidents. This proactive approach enables a more organized response when real incidents occur, ensuring consistency and efficiency.

On the other hand, choices such as firewall rules, ACL rules, and endpoint protection involve ongoing management and adjustments during an active incident response. These are tactical measures that require immediate attention and cannot typically be changed retroactively during an incident without potentially disrupting response efforts.