Which option can effectively manage permissions and access to sensitive files?

The correct option is focused on Access Control Lists (ACL) rules, which are critical for managing permissions and access to sensitive files within a system. ACLs operate by specifying which users or groups are granted or denied access to certain resources, such as files, directories, or network devices. This provides a mechanism to enforce security policies by limiting who can read, write, or execute certain files, thus ensuring that sensitive information is only accessible to authorized personnel.

ACLs are essential for implementing the principle of least privilege, which is a key security principle that aims to minimize unnecessary access rights. By carefully defining who can access what, organizations can better protect their sensitive data from unauthorized access or breaches.

In contrast, firewalls primarily serve to monitor and control incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules. While they provide perimeter security, they do not directly manage file permissions.

Endpoint protection focuses on safeguarding individual devices against threats such as malware and unauthorized access. While essential for overall cybersecurity, it does not specifically control access permissions for files.

Update processes ensure that software and systems are current, which is crucial for security, but they do not directly influence who can access sensitive files.

Thus, ACL rules are specifically designed for managing access, making them the effective solution