Which option, while often seen as a modern solution, does not by itself ensure security without a proper defense-in-depth strategy?

Migrating to the cloud is often regarded as a modern solution for IT infrastructure, providing flexibility, scalability, and potentially reduced costs. However, this transition does not inherently guarantee security. The cloud environment introduces a variety of new security challenges, such as data breaches, compliance issues, and risks related to third-party service providers. Without a defense-in-depth strategy—which involves multiple layers of security controls and practices across the infrastructure—organizations may still be vulnerable to attacks or data loss even after migration. A defense-in-depth approach encompasses various measures such as firewalls, encryption, intrusion detection systems, and rigorous access controls, thus enhancing overall security posture in conjunction with cloud services.

In contrast, the other options refer to concepts or strategies that can integrate into a broader security framework, and they tend to contribute to building resilience against threats when implemented properly, but they alone do not encapsulate the essence of what is needed to ensure security.