Which regulation enforces rules for organizations that offer services to entities in the European Union (EU) or that collect and analyze data on subjects located there?

The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) is a comprehensive data protection law that imposes strict rules on organizations that handle personal data of individuals within the European Union (EU). It is particularly significant because it applies not only to entities located within the EU but also to those outside of the EU if they offer goods or services to, or monitor the behavior of, individuals located in the EU.

GDPR establishes principles for data handling, including the necessity of consent from individuals before their data is collected, the right of individuals to access their data, and mandates for data breaches to be reported promptly. This framework aims to provide a high level of protection for personal data and to ensure the privacy rights of individuals are upheld across the region.

Other regulations mentioned have their specific scopes and focus areas. The Act on the Protection of Personal Information (APPI) primarily addresses data protection in Japan, while the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) relates specifically to healthcare information in the United States. The Personal Data Protection Act (PDPA) is applicable to various countries like Singapore but does not align with the EU's comprehensive approach thus lacks the same expansive influence as the GDPR.