Which security solution is capable of detecting previously identified malware and can be fine-tuned to identify malicious activity?

The chosen answer, which is antivirus software, is the most effective solution in this context because it is specifically designed to identify, detect, and respond to malicious software, including previously identified malware. Antivirus software operates by utilizing a database of known malware signatures and heuristics to recognize and flag harmful programs. Its capabilities are not only to detect threats that have already been recognized but can often be fine-tuned through updates and configurations to better recognize new or variant forms of malware based on behaviors and patterns.

This adaptability allows organizations to enhance their security posture against evolving threats. Additionally, many modern antivirus solutions integrate advanced machine learning techniques to improve detection rates regularly, enabling them to catch both known and unknown threats more effectively.

The other options do not possess the same level of detection capability for malware. Immutable systems focus on ensuring that data cannot be altered once created, making them suitable for data integrity but not for malware detection. Allow lists and block lists are more about controlling what software can run on a system rather than identifying malicious activity directly. Allow lists specify which applications are permitted, while block lists designate which are not. Neither of these mechanisms actively detects malware like antivirus software does.