Which technology enables users to run multiple operating systems on a single physical machine?

The technology that allows users to run multiple operating systems on a single physical machine is the Virtual Machine Monitor (VMM), also referred to as a hypervisor. A VMM creates and manages virtual machines (VMs), which are essentially software-based emulations of physical computers. Each virtual machine can run its own operating system and applications, independently of others on the same host system. This capability is crucial for efficient resource utilization, testing different OS environments, and isolating applications for security.

In the context of the other options, containerization is a technology that enables software to run in isolated user spaces (containers) but relies on the same operating system kernel for all containers rather than allowing different operating systems. Processor virtualization refers to the underlying technology that allows the hypervisor to allocate CPU resources among VMs but does not necessarily provide the management framework itself. Server consolidation refers to the practice of consolidating workloads onto fewer servers, which can use virtual machines but is broader and does not specifically address the creation of multiple operating systems on one machine.