Which tool is responsible for automatically generating and injecting malformed data into a system using various number formats, character types, text values, and binary values?

The tool that is primarily responsible for automatically generating and injecting malformed data into a system is a fuzzer. Fuzzing is a software testing technique specifically designed to discover vulnerabilities and errors in software by inputting unexpected, random, or malformed data into a program, which can help identify security weaknesses or bugs that could be exploited by an attacker.

Fuzzers can manipulate various input parameters, including number formats, character types, text values, and binary values, to test how the system handles unexpected input. As a result, they are particularly effective in stress-testing applications' inputs and identifying potential points of failure.

In contrast, software composition analysis focuses on identifying and managing open-source components in applications, aiming to understand and mitigate risks associated with third-party software. Persistence refers to the ability of malware or attackers to maintain their presence in a system even after a reboot or the initial infection is mitigated. Post-exploitation involves techniques employed after a system has been compromised, focusing on maintaining access or extracting further information from the target system. Each of these alternatives does not primarily involve the process of generating and injecting malformed data like a fuzzer does.