Which type of threat actor arises from an individual whom the organization has identified and granted access?

The correct answer is the insider threat. This type of threat actor arises from individuals within the organization who have been granted access to its systems and data. Unlike external threats, insider threats can be more challenging to detect and mitigate because these individuals are already trusted users with legitimate credentials. They may have knowledge about the organization's internal processes, resources, and security measures, which can make their malicious actions even more damaging.

Insider threats can manifest in various ways, such as data theft, sabotage, or the misuse of access privileges for personal gain. Because they originate from within the organization, detecting and preventing insider threats often requires a combination of monitoring user behavior, implementing access controls, and fostering a culture of security awareness among employees.

While other options like hacktivists, organized crime, and competitors represent external threats, they do not stem from individuals who have been granted internal access to the organization's resources. This distinction is essential for understanding the unique challenges posed by insider threats within cybersecurity frameworks.